Privileges
sudo command – run
command as root
sudo -s – open a
root shell
sudo -s -u user –
open a shell as user
sudo -k – forget
sudo passwords
gksudo command –
visual sudo dialog (GNOME)
kdesudo command –
visual sudo dialog (KDE)
sudo visudo – edit
/etc/sudoers
gksudo nautilus –
root file manager (GNOME)
kdesudo konqueror –
root file manager (KDE)
passwd – change
your password
Network
ifconfig – show
network information
iwconfig – show
wireless information
sudo iwlist scan –
scan for wireless networks
sudo
/etc/init.d/networking restart – reset
network for manual
configurations
(file)
/etc/network/interfaces – manual
configuration
ifup interface –
bring interface online
ifdown interface –
disable interface
Display
sudo /etc/init.d/gdm
restart – restart X and
return to login
(GNOME)
sudo /etc/init.d/kdm
restart – restart X and
return to login
(KDE)
(file)
/etc/X11/xorg.conf – display
configuration
sudo dexconf –
reset xorg.conf configuration
Ctrl+Alt+Bksp –
restart X display if frozen
Ctrl+Alt+FN –
switch to tty N
Ctrl+Alt+F7 –
switch back to X display
Special
Packages
ubuntu-desktop –
standard Ubuntu environment
kubuntu-desktop –
KDE desktop
xubuntu-desktop –
XFCE desktop
ubuntu-minimal –
core Ubuntu utilities
ubuntu-standard –
standard Ubuntu utilities
ubuntu-restricted-extras
– non-free, but useful
kubuntu-restricted-extras
– KDE of the above
xubuntu-restricted-extras
– XFCE of the above
build-essential –
packages used to compile
programs
linux-image-generic
– latest generic kernel
image
linux-headers-generic
– latest build headers
System
Services
start
service – start job service (Upstart)
stop
service – stop job service (Upstart)
status
service – check if service is running
(Upstart)
/etc/init.d/service
start – start service
(SysV)
/etc/init.d/service
stop – stop service (SysV)
/etc/init.d/service
status – check service
(SysV)
/etc/init.d/service
restart – restart service
(SysV)
runlevel
– get current runlevel
Firewall
ufw
enable – turn on the firewall
ufw
disable – turn off the firewall
ufw
default allow – allow all connections by
default
ufw
default deny – drop all connections by
default
ufw
status – current status and rules
ufw
allow port – allow traffic on port
ufw
deny port – block port
ufw
deny from ip – block ip adress
Package
Management1
apt-get
update – refresh available updates
apt-get
upgrade – upgrade all packages
apt-get
dist-upgrade – upgrade with package
replacements;
upgrade Ubuntu version
apt-get
install pkg – install pkg
apt-get
purge pkg – uninstall pkg
apt-get
autoremove – remove obsolete packages
apt-get
-f install – try to fix broken packages
dpkg
--configure -a – try to fix broken
packages
dpkg
-i pkg.deb – install file pkg.deb
(file)
/etc/apt/sources.list – APT repository
list
Application
Names
nautilus – file
manager (GNOME)
dolphin – file
manager (KDE)
konqueror – web
browser (KDE)
kate – text editor
(KDE)
gedit – text
editor (GNOME)
System
Recovery
- Type the phrase “REISUB” while
holding
down Alt and SysRq (PrintScrn) with
about
1 second between each letter. Your system
will
reboot.
lsb_release
-a – get Ubuntu version
uname
-r – get kernel version
uname
-a – get all kernel information
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